Page 2 of articles about respiratory in Articles

What kind of cells make up the respiratory defense system of pigs? How do they organize and communicate with each other?

Once the first symptoms of the infection emerged in pigs the facility was locked and the possibility to get in from outside was the only used.

Many veterinarians find bronchial scraping a less invasive and, above all, simpler sampling method than bronchoalveolar lavage.

The reasons behind the vaccination against influenza virus on a group of fattenig units with recurrent respiratory clinical pictures that belong to an integrated production system are discussed. Impact on production parameters and economic results are also shown.

It has not proved possible to actively eliminate App from chronically affected permanently occupied breeder-feeder herds.

This paper describes the acute outbreak of App within a pig population and how control may be achieved.

Inactivated vaccines can be effective if used in conjunction with other practices, such as controlled movement of animals and people and with careful analysis of whether the vaccine antigen is a good antigenic match with the circulating strain.

Enric Marco tells us that of late, it is relatively common to see fattening pigs in their final phase exhibiting respiratory symptoms that respond poorly to antibiotic treatments. In these cases, we usually think of PRRS virus; however raising the possibility of a mixed viral infection is less frequent...

A perfect antigenic match is ideal because it will result in little to no virus replication/damage, shedding or clinical signs. However, if the virus is similar enough to have cross-reaction, the infection can be reduced to as few as 2-4 days.

Cross-sectional sampling (different age groups during one herd visit) has the advantage that results are obtained quickly.

Four virus lineages, having clearly distinguishable HA, are currently co-circulating in European pigs and can be considered as enzootic viruses, even if their relative prevalence and level of incidence vary from one country to another.

After the clinical and serological evaluation it is decided to vaccinate against PRRSV, with which we achieve a gradual improvement in the health status on the farm. Some months later, a severe cough appears in the fattening pigs that later also appears in the nursery and in the sows.

The abattoir is a useful endpoint to collect data on herd health status and a valuable tool for monitoring the effect of disease control measures.

A cough outbreak appeared in 8-9 weeks old piglets. It apparently was a "normal" outbreak that could be solved with a few days of antibiotic but the pigs did not respond to the treatment.

The best approach is to submit dead pigs or live affected pigs to the diagnostic laboratory for post-mortem examination.

There are a number of laboratory tests that can be used in the diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia (EP). The choice of test and the approach to the investigation depends on the clinical circumstances and the rationale for doing the testing.