A series of unsuccessful measures are taken until the problem is finally solved.

This article deals with the factors to be considered for deciding the optimal time of vaccination against PCV2  and shows the results of a study that evaluates the efficacy of different vaccination programs in PCV2 subclinically infected piglets.

The article suggests measuring external risks in order to compare swine farms based on a numerical figure, and thus initiate corrective measures to improve and numerically verify the improvements achieved.

This article describes a new syndrome in pigs that causes external and internal birth defects, especially in the liver and heart.

This type of investment may not be crazy when it comes to protecting farms with high genetic value (others are dependent on) or insemination centres.

Diagnosis in oral fluids is indicated for the control of replacements on arrival and after the adaptation process, and of the different production batches, especially risk subpopulations such as animals with a slow growth rate.

Flies are not usually seen as a real risk of infection between farms unless we're talking about very high-density areas. However, flies can travel long distances if captured when collecting carcasses.

Recently, PCV2 has been suggested as a pathogen able to induce diarrhoea in pigs, and PCV2-enteric disease (PCV2-ED) as a separate entity within porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs) has been proposed.

Biosecurity measures for visitors should be implemented in all farms without exception, and hand washing with soap and subsequent disinfection should be compulsory in those farms where showering is not.

How can we tell whether a transport vehicle is clean by just taking a glimpse?

We concluded an Edema disease episode, which is extremely unusual at this age.

Enric Marco tells us that of late, it is relatively common to see fattening pigs in their final phase exhibiting respiratory symptoms that respond poorly to antibiotic treatments. In these cases, we usually think of PRRS virus; however raising the possibility of a mixed viral infection is less frequent...

PRRSV favours the appearance of secondary infections like the one caused by S. suis  due to the impairment of the alveolar macrophages cleaning functions.

Carcasses showed a good body condition and a pronounced cyanosis in the area of the ventral abdomen and the ventral throat.

Surrounding holdings with high hedge fences reduces the risk of airborne transmission.

PRRSV does not favour infection by H. parasuis by reducing the population of alveolar macrophages, but by reducing their ability to inactivate the bacteria.

This clinical case study tracks the long term pattern and control of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) disease in a breeder feeder farm through the 1990’s.

App control is an essential link to control pleuroneumonia in PRRS-positive herds.

PRRS virus infection can be considered common in areas of high pig density and, in such cases, the idea that biosecurity and can do little is widespread. However, proper biosecurity measures must be implemented in order to prevent the introduction of new strains.

This article proves that, at least "in vitro" order matters. In PRRSV/PCV2 mixed infections, the consequences are worse when PRRSV infection occurs before or concurrently to PCV2 infection, than when the sequence is reversed.

Since a vast majority of commercial farms are endemically infected with M. hyopneumoniae, the control measures applied against PRRS should include measures against M. hyopneumoniae.

The loss associated with decreased ADWG was of 13.1 € and 7.5 €/pig at 21 weeks of age for pigs with high and medium serum PCV2 load under the scenario studied.

In areas with a high density of pigs, a large proportion of farms are endemically infected. In these situations, the group at the highest risk is the gilts.

The high seroprevalences found supports the feeling you get in the field that PCV2, PRRSV, and SIV are very widespread viruses in our farms.

Distinct PCV2 variants are circulating in commercial pig farms. How the vaccine induced immunity may affect PCV2 evolution?

The benefit on antibiotic use is particularly clear when herds are multicontaminated by pathogenic virus and bacteria, allowing also to maintain animal welfare and operational productivity, but a good immunity against PCV2 is effective also in high health status herds.

Finding an occasional pig with PCVAD within a large population is not unexpected since vaccination compliance is rarely 100%. How does one assess impact of PCVAD in a vaccinated population?

It is a test that allows the verification of the carrying out and/or the quality of the vaccination in cases such as the entrance of piglets for their fattening.

The first cause of PCV vaccine failure is the purchase and use of generic vaccine of low quality and titre, but the exact cause of the failures can occur in various forms.

During 2012 PCV2 variants or mutants (mPCV2) appeared in the USA and were frequently associated with PCV-associated diseases. The possibility of lack of cross-protection of commercial vaccines against mPCV2 is now of major concern.