Updating on the epidemiology of PCV2 and implications
Novelties about the excretion routes, the transmission routes, the risk factors, etc., and explanation about how the PCV2 becomes a pathogenic virus.
Effect of the viraemia due to the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on production parameters
The most effective way of avoiding the production losses associated with the PCV2 consists in avoiding the appearance of the viraemia by inducing a passive or an active immunity that minimizes the circulation of the virus in the farm.
Frequent questions about PCV2 infection of breeding herds
A summary of current knowledge to address frequently asked questions from producers and practitioners on PCV2-associated reproductive disease.
Interest of the serological tests related to PCV2
Given the high prevalence of the infection due to the PCV2 and its presence in healthy and sick animals, the serological tests against this pathogen have been questioned as a diagnostic test.
Odds ratios as a field diagnostic tool
Patterns of association are quite helpful in helping focus resources whether that is time, money, or any intervention we are seeking to implement.
The importance of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) subclinical infection
Available data indicate that PCV2 has the ability to modulate the immune response, not only during the obvious overt disease but also in a subclinically infection.
Maternally derived antibodies at the time of porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination: does it matter?
One issue is to overcome maternal immunity, which is true for all PCV2 vaccines in the market, and another is whether the most from these vaccines is achieved independently of the PCV2 antibody titre at vaccination
Prevention and control of porcine circovirus
We may have some highly efficient vaccines, but we shouldn’t forget that for their application we must obtain good diagnostic information, and that in all cases we should not lose sight of good management and a good control of the concomitant diseases.
Risk and/or triggering factors of porcine circovirus
Between 1995 and 1997, at the beginning of an epizootic called “maladie de l’amagrissement du porcelet” (MAP), it was observed that the farms that were most affected and that had the most losses, generally presented obvious deviations from what we would consider to be a suitable management of the animals and facilities. This is why Dr. François Madec made a list of management practices with the aim of improving the anomalous situation observed.
Immunology against PCV2: What difference is there between a subclinically affected animal and an animal with porcine circovirus?
Pigs that are not affected by the disease tend to have a quantity of sero-neutralizing (and also total) antibodies against PCV2, which is significantly greater than those that cause disease
Diagnosis of porcine circovirus: individual and farm criteria
The aim of this article is to discuss those differentiating topics which are relevant from a practical point of view and which in some way elude the disease's definition.
Clinical signs and autopsy findings: can porcine circovirus be diagnosed on the farm?
The autopsy is always an important diagnostic element for the majority of diseases, and this is the same for porcine circovirosis.
Epidemiology and transmission of PCV2 and of porcine circovirus
It is assumed that the most probable route of PCV2 transmission is the oronasal tract, which would indicate that horizontal transmission (sow-piglet or piglet-piglet) is a frequent or very frequent occurence
Etiology: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)... where is "agent X"?
Porcine circovirus type 2 is a viral agent with a relatively simple structural organization of which there are two distinct genotypes (1 and 2), it is not clear if they have similar virulence. Since some years ago there has been a hypothesis developing that there exists an “agent X” that would play a role as a trigger factor of the disease in 100% of cases.
History and controversy of disease
Joaquim Segalés, professor at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and researcher at the Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) (research centre for animal health), was one of the first researchers to discover PMWS and PDNS in Spain. He will be in charge of this section where every month articles will be published on the latest themes, especially from a practical point of view. These themes will include etiology, patogenicity, epidemiology, diagnostic, treatment and prevention of porcine circovirus-associated diseases. A possible hypothesis will also be presented on the emergence of porcine circovirus on a worldwide level.
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