Laboratory diagnostics: Foot and mouth disease (FMD)
What laboratory diagnostic methods can I use to diagnose FMD? Which one should I choose according to the situation? How do I interpret the results?
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) (2025) – WAHIS periodical extraction of early warning outbreak data. Retrieved on 6/23/2025. Data extracted by 333 Corporate 1998, SL. WOAH bears no responsibility for the integrity or accuracy of the data contained herein, not limited to: any deletion, manipulation, or reformatting of data that may have occurred beyond its control.
Foot and Mouth lessons for Europe
It is essential that veterinarians update their knowledge and educate livestock farmers and employees to familiarize themselves with exotic diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease or ASF, since their detection requires knowledge of them.
Clinical case: FMD in a pig farm
On the finisher sites, the farmer noticed that the growing pigs in all the farm sheds had become dull and lame.
Foot and Mouth Disease 2001
The appearance of Foot and Mouth Disease Type 0 (Asian types) in the United Kingdom shortly after the occurrence of Classical Swine Fever has generated a very deep crisis in United Kingdom livestock industry. The occurrence of the two so soon after one another, and both supposedly originating from the same part of the world suggests that there have been changes in the patterns of food importation into the UK that have allowed these strains to enter.
Description of the disease in the Diseases manual
Pictures of the disease in the Atlas of pathology
Importance of considering transmission of FMD during the incubation phase
The findings of this study emphasize the importance of considering transmission of FMD during the incubation phase in modeling and response planning.
Adenovirus-vectored vaccine confers protection against FMDV O1 Manisa in swine
Recombinant Ad5-O1Man is an effective, safe and cross-reacting vaccine that could potentially be used preventively and in outbreak situations, to control FMDV O Mya-98 lineage in swine.
Detection of genome, antigen, and antibodies in oral fluids from pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus
These results further demonstrated the potential use of oral fluids for detecting FMDV genome, live virus, and viral antigens.
Quantifying the Value of Perfect Information in Emergency Vaccination Campaigns
This work could inform contingency planning that would lead to cost savings in the event of a future FMD outbreak and could also be applied to other infectious diseases.
Detection of ASF, CSF, and FMD viruses in swine oral fluids by multiplex reverse transcription RT-PCR
Equivalent results were observed in 4 independent studies and demonstrate the feasibility of oral fluids and mRT-qPCR for surveillance of ASF, CSF, and FMD in swine populations.
OTHER SOURCES
What you need to know about Foot and Mouth Disease. FAO
Video explaining the main transmission routes and clinical signs of the disease.
Foot and Mouth Disease Pocket Guide. USDA-APHIS
More than 60 pictures with lesions caused by foot and mouth disease virus after an experimental infection, both in domestic and wild pigs.
Foot and Mouth Disease Technical Disease Card. World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)
Updated information from WOAH about the disease.