Controlling streptococcal infections on a sow farm, a field experience
Can autogenous vaccines help us control streptococcal infections? What should we take into account?
María Elena Goyena Salgado
Production veterinarian, Piensos Cartagena SL. - Spain Author
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Improving PRRS control through controlling digestive disease processes
The gut-lung axis: New tools for improving the control of PRRS virulence and persistence at farm level.
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Clinical case: Edema disease - The more I medicate, the more pigs die!
An outbreak of edema disease was treated with fasting and antibiotic therapy, but in subsequent batches these measures were no longer successful. The outbreak progresses and it was observed that when animals are medicated, either orally or parenterally, mortality increases both in number and speed.
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28-Apr-2026Rocío García EspejoVerotoxin, or Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e), is an endotoxin whose functional mechanism in the body differs from the exotoxin responsible for enteropathogenic E. coli. Stx2e is a toxin that induces symptoms of edema disease in the host. A study titled Effect of zinc supplementation on Shiga toxin 2e-producing Escherichia coli in vitro found that Stx2e production by STEC was significantly lower in media containing supplemental zinc.
On the other hand, when certain classes of antimicrobials (such as ampicillin) are used to treat edema disease, the produced Stx2e accumulates within the cell body and can be released upon the destruction of the bacterial cell, leading to an exacerbated worsening of clinical symptoms. Therefore, to avoid the massive release of Stx2e, it is crucial to understand the antibacterial mechanism of action employed. Furthermore, it has also been proven that α-hemolysin (another virulence factor) produced by this type of bacteria is also significantly lower in the presence of zinc.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that zinc inhibits the production of Stx2e and hemolysin by preventing the synthesis of these proteins within the bacterial cytoplasm.
On the other hand, when certain classes of antimicrobials (such as ampicillin) are used to treat edema disease, the produced Stx2e accumulates within the cell body and can be released upon the destruction of the bacterial cell, leading to an exacerbated worsening of clinical symptoms. Therefore, to avoid the massive release of Stx2e, it is crucial to understand the antibacterial mechanism of action employed. Furthermore, it has also been proven that α-hemolysin (another virulence factor) produced by this type of bacteria is also significantly lower in the presence of zinc.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that zinc inhibits the production of Stx2e and hemolysin by preventing the synthesis of these proteins within the bacterial cytoplasm.
Digestive pathologies at the beginning of the growing phase: same bacteria and two different problems
The first days of the finishing phase are key, as they will determine finishing performance. This article addresses two types of pathologies caused by two different pathotypes of Escherichia coli.
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