Controlling finisher PCV2 mortality: infection dynamics (1/2)
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections can be extremely costly causing wasting and increases in mortality.
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Epidemiology and transmission of PCV2 and of porcine circovirus
It is assumed that the most probable route of PCV2 transmission is the oronasal tract, which would indicate that horizontal transmission (sow-piglet or piglet-piglet) is a frequent or very frequent occurence
PRRS: Diagnostic testing methods
This article will focus on selected antigen and antibody detection methods based on their application by practicing veterinarians to field cases in the US.
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ArticleDiseases in Europe (2 of 2)
There are consistent strains of Streptococcus suis usually types 1 and 2 across Europe but the other strains vary from country to country.
PRRS: Transmission via indirect routes (2/2)
Migratory waterfowl have been proposed as vectors of PRRSV spread between farms, due to their migratory nature and their tendency to nest on or near to swine farm lagoons
Current sanitary problems in the United States
The focus of swine production in the USA has changed over the last five years. Many businesses in the sector have made radical changes in management both from the reproductive and the sanitary point of view.
Production factors associated with coughing and pneumonia in pigs
In the first of this series of articles on respiratory disease in pigs, the causes of coughing were reviewed. This second article reviews the production factors that are associated with respiratory disease.
Etiology: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)... where is "agent X"?
Porcine circovirus type 2 is a viral agent with a relatively simple structural organization of which there are two distinct genotypes (1 and 2), it is not clear if they have similar virulence. Since some years ago there has been a hypothesis developing that there exists an “agent X” that would play a role as a trigger factor of the disease in 100% of cases.
Diseases in Europe (1 of 2)
Overall, the disease situation in Europe is very similar although there are some countries that have a problem with certain diseases that others do not have
PRRS: Transmission via direct and indirect routes (1/2)
In this second part the direct routes (infected pigs and contaminated semen) and indirect routes (fomites and transportation vehicles) of PRRSV are tackled, as is the persistence of the virus because the persistence of the infection is a characteristic of PRRSV infections in pigs and plays a major role in the control and eradication of the disease.
History and controversy of disease
Joaquim Segalés, professor at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and researcher at the Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) (research centre for animal health), was one of the first researchers to discover PMWS and PDNS in Spain. He will be in charge of this section where every month articles will be published on the latest themes, especially from a practical point of view. These themes will include etiology, patogenicity, epidemiology, diagnostic, treatment and prevention of porcine circovirus-associated diseases. A possible hypothesis will also be presented on the emergence of porcine circovirus on a worldwide level.
What causes coughing in pigs?
Any factor that irritates or inflames the respiratory system will elicit the physiological response of either sneezing or coughing or both. Although alarming and indicative of disease, coughing is at least a sign that normal physiological responses are taking place and should not in isolation be necessarily seen as a bad thing. We may have sudden or generalized outbreaks of coughing as well as a constant coughing in pig groups. There are infectious pathogenic agents that are normally associated with coughing or laboured breathing in pigs such as Actinobacillus, Bordetella, Haemophilus, Pasteurella Streptococcus, Mycoplasma, SIV, PRRSV or PCV2.
PRRS: Etiology and clinical manifestation
Scott Dee, the prestigious American veterinarian who is known worldwide for his research on the PRRS virus, will be in charge of this section which is dedicated exclusively to the PRRS disease. Every month a new article will be published related to subjects such as etiology and clinical signs, transmission routes, diagnostic testing methods, biosecurity or control and eradication.
Plasma prevents and reduces E. coli diarrhoea in piglets
One of the main properties of dietary plasma is a substantial stimulation of feed intake after weaning (25%!). Many experiments demonstrated that a high feed intake after weaning prevents intestinal damage (villus atrophy).
Foot and Mouth lessons for Europe
It is essential that veterinarians update their knowledge and educate livestock farmers and employees to familiarize themselves with exotic diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease or ASF, since their detection requires knowledge of them.
Foot and Mouth Disease 2001
The appearance of Foot and Mouth Disease Type 0 (Asian types) in the United Kingdom shortly after the occurrence of Classical Swine Fever has generated a very deep crisis in United Kingdom livestock industry. The occurrence of the two so soon after one another, and both supposedly originating from the same part of the world suggests that there have been changes in the patterns of food importation into the UK that have allowed these strains to enter.