Parainfluenza
Porcine Parainfluenza virus type-1 is a novel agent suspected of causing mild respiratory disease in pigs.
Alternative names: PPIV1
Information
Porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 (PPIV-1) is an RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family that was first identified in 2013 in Hong Kong. Since then it has also been identified in the USA, but its role in respiratory disease is still unclear. PPIV-1 can be found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic pigs. A recent university study showed a mild sporadic cough between days 9 and 21 post-inoculation, with complete seroconversion in the pigs and viral excretion for about 3 weeks. The role of PPV-1 in co-infections is still unknown.
Symptoms
All ages
- No mortality.
- Mild, sporadic cough.
- Possible slight decrease in weight gain.
Causes / Contributing Factors
- Unknown at this time.
Diagnosis
- PCR is currently used to confirm the presence of the virus in trachea, lung, nasal swabs and nasal turbinates. ELISA serology can also be used to confirm exposure to the virus.
Control/Prevention
Currently the clinical significance of PPIV-1 in pig is unknown. Experimental transmission studies have shown the virus to spread via contact with pen mates. The role of aerosol transmission is unknown at this time. There are no treatments for PPV-1. As with any respiratory viral disease, attention should be focused on proper ventilation and control of other viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens.