North-American human influenza[What the experts say ]Stan Done It is produced by a virus with genetic material from porcine, human and avian viruses which has shown the ability unusually for such a virus to transmit from human to human. The virus appears to have 2 of 8 gene segments that derive from eurasian swine viruses. The NA and matrix genes of the new virus have not been seen in humans or pigs before. |
Swine influenza: epidemiology and emergence of new viruses[What the experts say ]Stan Done The first swine influenza viruses were all H1N1 and were for about 60 years in North America. In the middle 1980’s, there appeared in European pigs H3N2 viruses that were derived originally from humans and had adapted to pigs and were therefore known as human-like H3N2 viruses. These viruses have since appeared in other parts of the world most notably as H3N2 in the USA in 1998. These viruses however contained bits of human, avian and swine viruses and were therefore called triple re-assortants. |
The Ebola Reston virus in Philippine pigs[What the experts say ]Zoilo M. Lapus On December, the Philippine Department of Agriculture announced that the non-lethal Ebola Reston Virus previously only found in monkeys, had been detected in pigs |
Epidemiolology and control of swine influenza[What the experts say ]Thomas JL (†) Alexander Considering the current situation we are reproducing an article by Tom Alexander previously published by 3tres3.com on 30/dec/2005. A key factor in the epidemiology of influenza is the ability of the virus to mutate or, when cells are infected by two different strains, to recombine to produce new viruses. Either of these genetic changes results in the repeated appearance of new strains with different immunogenic structures and/or virulence, including their ability to infect different hosts. |
Typical ventilation problems and their prevention[What the experts say ]Bjarne K. Pedersen Tail biting is a typical non-specific reaction to a deterioration of the environmental conditions. |
Pig vision and management/handling[What the experts say ]Antoni Dalmau Pol Llonch Antonio Velarde Pigs have a panoramic vision of 310º and binocular vision of 35-50º (Fig. 1). This means that compared to humans, pigs prioritise their lateral monocular vision and this increases their panoramic vision (greater capacity for detecting possible danger, food, other pigs, etc) and decreases their bifocal vision (greater difficulty for calculating distances). |
Biosecurity II. Biosecurity measures based on the epidemiology of individual infections[What the experts say ]Thomas JL (†) Alexander Pathogens which are highly infectious and only require small doses to establish infection in susceptible pigs and/or those which are able to survive environmentally for relatively long periods can be spread from farm to farm as fomites |
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